Malware is a huge threat in the digital world. It can cause a lot of damage and cost people a lot of money. As technology advances, so do the tactics used by cybercriminals. In this article, we will explore some of the newest and trickiest types of malware.
7 Malware Threats to Watch Out For
Malware keeps getting more complex and harder to detect. Here are seven new and tricky types of malware that you should know about:
1. Polymorphic Malware
Polymorphic malware is a type of malware that changes its code as it replicates. This makes it difficult for antivirus software to detect because it appears differently each time. Polymorphic malware employs an encryption key to alter its shape and signature. It combines a mutation engine with self-propagating code to change its appearance continuously and rapidly morph its code.
This malware consists of two main parts: an encrypted virus body and a virus decryption routine. The virus body changes its shape, while the decryption routine remains the same and decrypts and encrypts the other part. This makes it easier to detect polymorphic malware compared to metamorphic malware, but it can still quickly evolve into a new version before anti malware detects it.
Criminals use obfuscation techniques to create polymorphic malware. These include:
- dead-code insertion
- subroutine reordering
- register reassignment
- instruction substitution
- code transposition
- code integration
These techniques make it harder for antivirus programs to detect the malware. Polymorphic malware has been used in several notable attacks, where it spread rapidly and evaded detection by changing its form frequently. This type of malware is particularly challenging because it requires advanced detection methods beyond traditional signature-based scanning.
2. Fileless Malware
Fileless malware is a type of malicious software that operates without placing any actual files on the device. In fact, over 70% of malware attacks do not involve files at all. Instead, this malware is executed directly in the computer’s short-term memory (RAM). Fileless malware performs harmful activities without leaving a conventional trace on the hard drive by utilizing the device’s resources.
Typically, a fileless malware attack begins with a phishing email or another form of social engineering. Such an email may contain a seemingly legitimate link or attachment designed to deceive the user into interacting with it. Once the user clicks the link or opens the attachment, the malware is activated and runs directly in RAM. It often takes advantage of vulnerabilities in software, such as document readers or browser plugins, to gain access to the device.
Once inside, fileless malware frequently uses trusted operating system tools like PowerShell or Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) to connect to a remote command and control server. From this connection, it can download and execute additional malicious scripts, which enables attackers to carry out further harmful actions within the device’s memory. Fileless malware can exfiltrate data, sending stolen information to the attackers and potentially spreading throughout the network to compromise other devices or servers. This type of malware is particularly dangerous because it can function without leaving behind any files, making detection through traditional methods challenging.
3. Advanced Ransomware
Ransomware is a sophisticated type of malware that holds your data hostage by encrypting it. Advanced ransomware not only targets individual computers but can also attack entire networks. It utilizes strong encryption methods and often steals sensitive data before encrypting it. This creates additional pressure on victims to pay the ransom, as their data could be publicly leaked if they do not comply.
Typically, ransomware attacks begin with the installation of a ransomware agent on the victim’s computer. This agent encrypts critical files on the device and any connected file shares. After the encryption process, the ransomware displays a message explaining what has happened and how to pay the attackers. If victims choose to pay, they are promised a code to unlock their data.
The prevalence of advanced ransomware attacks has increased, with various sectors, including healthcare and critical infrastructure, being targeted. These attacks can lead to significant financial losses and disrupt essential services.
4. Social Engineering Malware
Social engineering malware deceives people into installing it by masquerading as something safe. It often arrives in the form of emails or messages that appear authentic but are actually fraudulent. This type of malware relies on human error rather than exploiting technical vulnerabilities.
Social engineering attacks typically follow a four-step process: information gathering, establishing trust, exploitation, and execution. Cybercriminals gather information about their victims, impersonate legitimate individuals to build trust, exploit that trust to extract sensitive information, and ultimately achieve their goals, such as gaining access to online accounts.
5. Rootkit Malware
Rootkit malware consists of a program or a collection of malicious software tools that provide attackers with remote access to and control over a computer or other system. While rootkits can have legitimate uses, they are primarily employed to create a backdoor in victims’ systems, allowing for the introduction of additional malicious software or enabling further network attacks.
Rootkits often try to evade detection by disabling endpoint antimalware and antivirus software. They can be installed through phishing attacks or social engineering tactics, granting remote cybercriminals administrator access to the system. Once installed, a rootkit can deploy viruses, ransomware, keyloggers, and other types of malware, and even modify system configurations to maintain its stealthiness.
6. Spyware
Spyware is a type of malicious software designed to infiltrate your computer or device, collect data about you, and send it to a third party without your consent. It can monitor your activities, steal your passwords, and even record what you type. Additionally, spyware often impacts the performance of your network and device, causing slowdowns in your daily activities.
Spyware typically gains access to devices through app installation packages, harmful websites, or file attachments. It collects data by tracking your keystrokes, taking screenshots, and using other monitoring techniques. The stolen information can include login credentials, credit card numbers, and browsing habits.
7. Trojan Malware
Trojan malware is a deceptive type of software that disguises itself as harmless to infiltrate devices. It is difficult to detect, and it typically spreads when users are tricked into downloading and executing it.
Trojans can delete files, install additional malware, modify or steal data, disrupt device performance, and send messages from your accounts. They often spread through phishing scams that use seemingly legitimate email addresses.
Protect Yourself from Malware
To protect yourself from malware, it’s essential to use the right technology and stay aware of potential risks. By remaining informed and proactive, you can greatly minimize the chances of malware infections. If you need assistance in securing your digital environment, feel free to reach out to us for expert advice.